A comprehensive analysis of the latest sensor technologies available for ensuring the safety of personnel working in hydrogen-rich environments and explosive atmospheres (ATEX-rated areas), as well as protecting the integrity of associated plant and infrastructure has been performed. The primary objective was to provide an up-to-date overview of the most innovative solutions designed for these specific work environments.

​

A key focus has been the implementation of a "safety by design" approach. By integrating safety considerations into the initial design phases, it is possible to proactively mitigate risks and enhance overall system reliability. Advanced sensor technologies, such as those capable of detecting hydrogen leaks at extremely low concentrations, play a pivotal role in this approach.

​

Furthermore, this study explored the potential of digital twins to revolutionize safety monitoring. By creating virtual replicas of physical assets and processes, digital twins enable real-time simulation and analysis of various operational scenarios, including potential hazards and their consequences. This predictive capability empowers organizations to identify and address safety issues before they escalate.